From 1 October 2023, the WEM has moved to a constrained access model. Network limits respect the physical capabilities of the network elements to transfer electricity. Constraint equations are mathematical representations of network (and other) limits and are used in the dispatch process.
The ERA reviews the effectiveness of Limit Advice provided by each Network Operator to the Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), and the Constraint Equations formulated by AEMO in meeting the State Electricity Objective and good electricity industry practice.